Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, candidates are entitled to receive notice when there is a chance that they could be denied an opportunity based in whole or in part on the contents of a background check; also called a "report." This process is called “Adverse Action”, and includes an initial “pre-adverse” notice to the candidate with an opportunity to dispute the contents of the report. A successful dispute can overturn the adverse action, but a failed dispute or an undisputed adverse action will lead to a final notice of adverse action.
The applicant is given a chance to review their background report, and dispute the findings if it is incomplete or inaccurate before a final decision is made. In order to start an adverse action, a phone number is required on the candidate.